Motivations for immigration to American colonies Essay Example for Free

Inspirations for movement to American states Essay The principal effective state in America was in Jamestown, Virginia, set up 1607. At the point when it was first established, the settlement contained just a few hundred individuals. During the 200 years that followed the populace expanded significantly, due to a limited extent to huge migration from the Old World. By 1790 the settlement housed a little under 4,000,000 individuals. The high pace of migration originated from various helpers, including the people groups trust in a superior way of life than the one they encountered in the Old World, strict energy, less expensive land and higher wages for unskilled workers, and overpopulation in England. Ranchers and unskilled workers were pulled in to America by the possibility of higher wages and lower expenses of living. The greater part of these individuals were of the innovative sortcraftsmen, yeomen ranchers, and little traders (Document A). Since the New World looked for these kinds of workers to promote the economy and came up short on an adequate number of them, the interest expanded, and with it the wages. The average cost for basic items was likewise lower on the grounds that the New World was for all intents and purposes uninhabited and there was a low interest for home as contrasted and England; in this way, the expenses were lower. As indicated by William Penn, their work will be worth more than it is in England and their living will be less expensive. (Record 1). Strict sorts, particularly the Puritans, were attracted to America by the chance of changing over locals and spreading the message and way of life that they maintained to others through model. They sought after new spirits to be won for God. (David Cressy article). By setting up what they viewed as a perfect and devout network, these colonizers needed to assemble another home for Christianity, reached out from its limits of the Old World. Limited who brought individuals like this to America through his words was John Winthrop, who said that colonization would convey the advantage of administration to the Lord. (Archive 3). Winthrop was a noticeable pioneer of the English Puritans in their journey to the Massachusetts Bay to construct such a province. Another inspiration for migration was the desire for a superior way of life by the pilgrims. Many left depressedregions looking for another beginning. (Record A). A few people felt mistreated by the English government andâ wanted opportunity from it. Additionally, numerous individuals who were precluded the benefit from claiming land proprietorship in England accepted that they could satisfy this desire in the New World. As referenced previously, land was less expensive in America because of a genuinely low interest for it, which expanded the likelihood of one having the option to claim it. Accordingly, the chance of land possession and another beginning was a fascination for the colonizers. A portion of the individuals that emigrated, notwithstanding, were not really spurred to do as such by the attractions of the New World. Rather, overpopulation in England and weight from the administration pushed them out of the nation and into America. Since the pioneers of the provinces needed them to thrive and required occupants to accomplish this objective, the legislature empowered jobless or inert Englishmen to settle there. A huge number of Englishmen were constrained off the land and unwanted wanderers turned into a typical sightconstituting an issue. (Archive 2). The answer for this issue was to transport the unwanted men off to America, which is the thing that the legislature did, and was a halfway purpose behind the populace blast. Various individuals were pulled in to the New World for various reasons, for example, the desire to claim land, better ones way of life, or advance Christianity. These attractions matched with overpopulation in England were the explanation that such huge numbers of individuals emigrated to frontier America. The new region introduced an entire new domain of potential outcomes that England didn't offer, and subsequently, the jobless, miserable as well as anxious went there looking for fulfillment and something new. Different writing composed by taught men of the period advanced migration and helped spread the news of these possibilities. These reasons are what represent the huge number of that individuals moved to pioneer America in the seventeenth century.

Social Performance, Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social Performance, Part 2 - Essay Example The most ideal path through which this is done is by having an appropriate code of morals for the security firm. The paper centers around the different moral angles associated with a business and the way where they identify with the security firm. Different organizations have various sets of accepted rules and deciding from their presentation over the most recent few years note that the benefits of having these codes of morals outperform other client appraisals. These outcomes originate from various examinations did during the last evaluation drawing out this data strikingly. One of the acclaimed organizations with about the best code of morals is EverFocus Electronics AG. This security organization has made extraordinary walks in the innovation field from the different codes of morals that it has utilized. The Everfocus Electronics AG has one of its profoundly watched sets of accepted rules being behavior. This is one of the company’s major strongpoint with regards to managing advertising. The organization has a broad preparing program for workers where they are shown different habits in which to deal with the requirements and effects of the representatives (Williams, 2011). This is consistently in line to create the best out of the workers for more noteworthy fulfillment of the customer. They are prepared that when taking care of purchaser baggage they ought to enquire from the customer how sensitive or rather the idea of the gear for best taking care of. With this, the customer is constantly guaranteed of most extreme wellbeing of individual possessions. Another organization to study from its endeavors and victories in the course of the most recent decade is MOBOTIX AG. MOBOTIX is one other organization that has hit the security business with a blow because of the huge net revenues that it has had the capacity of making in any event, beating long time industry pioneers. The organization has had its triumphs ascribed to the high measure of accentuation agreed to the utilization of CCTV. Numerous security organizations don't utilize their CCTV security frameworks in the

East Campus Hall Rush 1E

East Campus Hall Rush 1E Hi friends! Im Jamie and Im a new blogger. Im a senior in 2A-4, (flexible mechanical engineering with a concentration in design/architecture). I live on the first floor of the east parallel of East Campus, which brings me to hall rush! Each hall in East Campus has a different culture and personality. On one special night, freshmen visit all 10 halls and then rank where they want to live. Each hall puts together events to convince the freshmen that their hall is a good place to live in. We bought 40 bags of biodegradable (edible) packing peanuts and filled the lounge with them. Since the packing peanuts are biodegradable, they melt and get sticky when moisture is added. This means that they stick to the sweat that was seeping out of probably everyone. My event was a mocktail bar where we made drinks with a fancy bar set because hydrate or die-drate. Some of the drinks we made were blueberries and rosemary muddled with agave and club soda and peach tea lemonade inspired by the (discontinued) Starbucks drink. We have rainbow lights down the middle section of our hall, and under these lights was a wall of solid empty cardboard boxes. We had freshmen sit in an office chair and get pushed into these empty boxes The talented artists on 1E got custom shirts made- the one on the left is what most people got and I got the special snowflake one on the right because i liked that design better.  I made stickers for Goodale, the northern 1/3 of the building and the coolest section of hall. We got 11 new frosh this year, and people have built things in their new rooms already! Updates coming. Post Tagged #1E #East Campus

Airlines A Successful Customer Relations Strategy

Introduction Travelling can be expensive and tiresome. Airlines make it a priority for their customers to be comfortable, have a good travel experience, and provide good customer service. This would eventually, by word of mouth, get more people to fly with airlines. This is a service industry and customers require to be treated with courtesy, respect, patience, and expect employees to be truthful and most importantly to be treated fairly. Over the years, Southwest Airlines has developed a successful customer relations strategy which filters down to service operations. This gives the company the opportunity for continued success in the future. They fly over one hundred million passengers a year to their various destinations (Gallo, 2014). All companies need customers to survive. Their mission and vision is usually centered on addressing customer service. A company like Southwest Airlines, has multiple training programs for their customer service representatives, where we would take a deeper look to see what the training entails. A customer centered company would not have satisfaction from all customers. Every company needs to develop a customer complaints department to deal with complaints efficiently. This airline has a different approach when seating their travelers – there are no assigned seats! As passengers’ steps into the plane they take what seats are available, it sounds chaotic, but it works. The flight attendants and pilots have a witty sense and they make jokesShow MoreRelatedLabor Relations: Southwests Current Issues1425 Words   |  6 Pagestheir employees and customers happy, there have been storms brewing in the company’s labor relations and customer relations sector. As was mentioned before, Southwest recently acquired AirTran Airways and revealed plans to take its already successful domestic business international with flights to Mexico and the Caribbean (Martin, 2014). This organizational restructuring is causing Southwe st to have what Time Magazine’s Brad Tuttle calls an â€Å"identity crisis† for the airline whose new advertisementsRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Corp. Culture1727 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this paper I have researched in to Southwest Airline, I have focused to write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which I will, determine how Southwest Airlines’ corporate culture differs from other airlines. I will then analyze three (3) ways that Southwest’s unique culture has benefited the airline and its employees and eventually I will speculate how Southwest Airlines would continue to thrive as a company if its current corporate culture would need to change in the nearRead MoreDiscuss the nature and strategic relevance of the Air France-KLM merger. Should Air France-KLM create new partnerships or acquisitions?1585 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategic relevance of the Air France-KLM merger. Should Air France-KLM create new partnerships or acquisitions? On 5 May 2004, despite great opposition of industry experts the French airline Socià ©tà © Air France (Air France) and the Dutch Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. (KLM) created the world’s largest airline group by turnover named Air France-KLM. The merger represented the first consolidation of two national flag carriers in the aviation history, where alliances were a traditional way ofRead MoreAirline Sustainable Competitive Advantage1439 Words   |  6 Pagesstated; â€Å"for an airline to succeed in the marketplace, it must have a sustainable competitive advantage† (Porter M. E., 2008). The airline industry is the highest competitive industry, and I believe a sustainable completive advantage is essential to succeed in the future of the aviation industry. The competitive advantages that an airline embrace, needs to be based on the airlines strategy and differentiation to competitors. Emirates displays how it has a strategy and how the airline gets ahead ofRe ad MoreThe Airline Industry Value Chain Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesAirline industry value chain Inbound logistics Primary activites • Stock control Ââ€" airlines must store and handle fuel, food, and drinks. Stock is managed to ensure reductions in stock turnover, thus reducing costs and wastage. • Route selection Ââ€" airlines must choose their flight routes. These will be selected upon desired routes, and deals negotiated with the airports. Airports are selected for their prime location, to allow consumers to get to their desired location. This then entails theRead MoreSouthwest Airline Case Analysis647 Words   |  3 PagesSouthwest Airline’s Strategies: Southwest Airline’s successful strategy consists of three complementary qualities which are focus, divergence and compelling tagline. This short-haul airline believes that by focusing on friendly service, speed and frequent point-to-point departures, its low pricing is able to compete against car transportation. While other competitors try to delight customers by investing in meals, airport lounges and seating selections, Southwest chooses to eliminate or reducesRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic And Innovation Within A Business Or Industry1346 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic management is understood as the implementation of a strategy statement to establish competitive advantage and innovation within a business or industry. There is no concise, comprehensive definition of strategic management, but there are common themes that assist in understanding strategic management today. Effective strategic management is implemented from top management; when management demonstr ates a clear knowledge of their strategy statement, their subordinates are much more efficient inRead MoreUse Of Social Media Platforms By Airlines1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of social media platforms by Airlines in the UAE Abstract Purpose of the study: the study explores the use of social media platforms by airlines, specifically Etihad and Emirates airlines according to service quality, Efficiency and customer satisfaction. Strategy/ approach/ procedure: the content exploration of the Airline websites will form the foundation of the study. The sample consisted of airlines in the UAE, specifically Emirates airlines and Etihad airways. Results: almost an eighthRead MoreSituational Analysis Of Jetblue1192 Words   |  5 Pagesdestinations in the United States, the Caribbean and Latin America. The airline uses various strategies such as interlining to meet more consumer demands and introduce its premium service, Mint, which aids in the expansion into emerging markets and developing nations. This case analysis describes the history of JetBlue, it’s products and services, an assessment of the firm’s strategic position and performance within the airline industry, issues that pose a threat to the organization and areas of growthRead MoreThe Recent Merger And Expansion Southwest Airlines1461 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent merger and expansion Southwest Airlines (SWA) is experiencing challenges their human resource department’s hiring practices. The company has the potential to feel damaging effects due to their accelerated staffing needs; a consideration is how the screening for SWA employment is going to be handled with this influx of merging airline applicants. SWA needs to have a plan to streamline this collaborative staffing effort. The company must focus on the strategy and functionality of this expanded

The University Of California Archives Essay - 1729 Words

University of California Archives An important source helped to corroborate the vessel’s first name as North American. It was an advertisement for the ship (figure 4) which was found in the University of California files relating to the Gold Rush and has the date ‘1858’ written in pencil . The North American is described as The largest ship in New York’ for San Francisco Direct(...) The splendid A No 1, and very superior coppered, and copper fastened Clipper Ship (...) This Ship is entirely new and fitted for passengers in the most commodious manner(...) and the whole is fitted up as a Saloon. Summing up: At least on paper, a very efficient and comfortable means of transportation. The travel to California, as advertised by the poster, would start by departing from New York on 22nd of March, sailing around Cape Horn and hopefully arriving at California after 90 days. A careful analysis of this object reveals that the date ‘1858’ not in the original printing is just a guess written by someone at an unidentified time. The corrected date should be 1852 since this is the year Capt. Austin was commanding it and the ship is described as ‘entirely new’. Also, on 8 March 1858, The North American was involved in a collision which took place off Point Lynas causing the sinking of the Spanish barque Tecla Carmen, apparently without the loss of life. As a consequence, the ship was impounded (Haggard 1864:79-80). A document would confirm 1852 as the correct date. In a letter fromShow MoreRelatedThe Chinese Exclusion Act Of 18821025 Words   |  5 PagesNational Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. . Foreign Miners Tax Documents, 1850-1867 Foreign Miners Tax. 1850. MS 3418, Foreign Miners Tax Documents, 1850-1867. California State Library, California. Online Archive of California. California State Library, 1850. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. . Gaines, Brian J., and Wendy K. Tam Cho. On California’s 1920 Alien Land Law: The Psychology and Economics of Racial Discrimination. University of IllinoisRead MoreCivil Rights Diary Essay examples871 Words   |  4 PagesRights Act in 1964 seemed to mark a turning point in America; a new age in race relations appeared to be emerging. However, countless states acted quickly to avoid the new federal law. California reacted with Proposition 14, â€Å"which moved to block the fair housing components of the Civil Rights Act†, according to University Library at USC (para. 1). Still with strong feelings of injustice and despair, this fueled the anger within the urban cities of LA especially Watts. August 11, 1965 markedRead MoreScholasticism776 Words   |  4 Pagesthinking of late antiquity. It was based on the coordination between faith and reason, with the established assumption that reason was subordinate to faith. It dominated in the cathedral schools and general studies leading to medieval European universities. However, its origins are heterogeneous in nature as it adapted not only Greco-Latin philosophical thinking, but also Arab and Jewish[1]. Scholasticism can also be defined as a method of intellectual work where all thought is subject to theRead MoreThe Ambivalence of Direct Democracy Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pages The California Constitution states, â€Å"All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for their protection, security, and benefit, and they have the right to alter or reform it when the public good may require.† (CA Const. art. 2, sect. 1) Indeed, the age-old maxim that the government is for the people is evident in California’s Constitution, and the inception of direct democracy by the early 20th century Progressive movement follows this ideology. The 2nd article ofRead MoreFinding The Right College Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe process of having to find a college or a university to attend is a huge challenge, and a stressful process. Even though I don’t have to worry about getting into a University for another four more years, I stress of the th ought every day. Will I have a high enough GPA? What about my SAT scores? Do my parents even have money saved away for me and tuition? What do I want to do with my life? Thoughts like these run through my mind and stress me out all the time it seems, but I’m learning how toRead MoreEssay880 Words   |  4 Pagescontract for a scholarly book with the University of California Press and two contracts for textbooks—one in English and the other in Arabic. I also continued to be the co-editor of Jerusalem Quarterly. Furthermore, I o-curated an exhibition, and served as a book referee for Princeton University Press. On teaching and service level, I taught a number of classes here at ISU and at Qatar University, and was active in committee work, be it at ISU, Qatar University, or elsewhere on voluntary basis. ARead MoreEssay on The Womens Rights Movement 1848-19201091 Words   |  5 Pages In 1893 Colorado passed a law allowing women to vote and three years later Idaho and Utah did the same. After this success, however, the momentum came to a halt. Not until 1910-1914 did the effort intensify again. During this time Washington, California, Arizona, Kansas, and Oregon also extended the right to vote to women. It seemed like NAWSA was taking off, but some reformers were not happy with the pace of change. Quaker activist, Alice Paul, started the National Woman’s Party in 1913 that believedRead MoreAffermative Action1316 Words   |  6 Pagesrelated areas such as University acceptance of college students. In the end, it should in no way be abolished. Scott2 However, Affirmative action is highly controversial. Right now Proposition 209, in California which bans all programs involving race and sex preferences run by the state, has passed but it will not be put into total action due to some questions of constitutionality (Ayres 34). The law will start slowly first, ending Affirmative Action in the schools of California, leading up to the abolishmentRead MoreEssay about Affirmative Action and Higher Education1546 Words   |  7 Pagesshifts between people, but also over time. Policies that once appeared to be necessary can, in a few decades, seem excessive. When Justice Powell, along with the rest of the United States Supreme Court, handed down the decision in Regents of University of California v. Bakke in 1978, he attempted to give a rational for affirmative action in higher education that did not rely on retribution for one race; however, over time modest progress improving minority representation in schools have combined withRead MoreEssay905 Words   |  4 Pages Transfer students don’t become academics. I sat in the middle of the Honor’s Scholarship Ceremony and listened as a colleague of mine presented his research on transfer students in t he university system. He demonstrated that academia tends to believe that transfers are not able to conduct original research. The situation felt particularly ironic. Afterall, I was a community college transfer who was being awarded a $5,000 research scholarship that very night. I had been attending UCLA for eight months

Occupational Therapy vs Physical Therapy Free Essays

Many people might question the relationship between occupational therapy and physical therapy. Some think the professions are the same or that the terms are the same; there are a few different therapies for people who have been faced with a stroke, a disability, or any injury that has caused physical restrictions. The methods and techniques used in these therapies can overlap with each other, but both occupational therapy and physical therapy covers all aspects of the patient’s health including their physical, psychological, and mental state. We will write a custom essay sample on Occupational Therapy vs Physical Therapy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Occupational therapists and physical therapists are similar when it comes to training. The fields of occupational and physical therapy usually involve the training of patients and improving the abilities of their motor functions. Occupational therapists and physical therapists share certain areas such as body awareness, strength and endurance, classroom positioning and adaptations, and sensory motor skills. They both involve accessing the medical history of the patients as well as evaluating their current performances, setting therapeutic goals, developing a plan, and applying a treatment that enables the patient to function better. After an illness, serious injury, or surgery, you may recover slowly. One may need to regain their strength, relearn lost skills or find new ways of doing things they once did. The process is called rehabilitation. Rehabilitation often focuses on occupational therapy to help the patients with their daily activities. Physical therapy is needed to help their fitness, mobility, and strength. One example of how a similar activity might be used in occupational therapy versus physical therapy is where the patient might be asked to work on a crossword puzzle or another activity. In occupational therapy, the OT would be watching to see how well the patient is able to understand and spot the words among other letters, and the patient’s capacity to hold the pencil steadily and circle the word. In the physical therapy setting, the PT might have the patient stand up at the table if he/she usually sits in a wheelchair and maintain his/her balance while circling the words. For this certain activity the gross motor controls would be more of the focus. There are also some differences between Occupational therapy and Physical therapy that may make each therapy distinctive from each other. Occupational therapy mainly focuses on evaluating and improving the patient’s functional abilities. The OT does not directly treat a person’s injury but they do help the patient gain back their freedom and their ability to accomplish their daily activities. The occupational therapists main purpose is to improve life skills and most of the time involves adaptive equipment. On the other hand, physical therapy is focused on treating the patient’s injuries itself and helping prevent further injuries. The PT will make a diagnosis and treat the physical source of the problem like the structures and injured tissues. A physical therapist studies mostly over the musculoskeletal system and the anatomy. Occupational therapists receive extra training in oral and hand skill interventions and physical therapists obtain more training in the postural development and gross motor. The common and easy dividing line is, occupational therapists work with the patient’s body from the waist up, and physical therapists work with the patient’s body from the waist down. Although occupational and physical therapy uses different methods when treating the patients, the number one goal for both professions is the same: they both solve the function of maintaining the fitness and overall health of the individual. Both of the professions make every effort to cover all the aspects of the human health such as; mental, physical, and psychological. How to cite Occupational Therapy vs Physical Therapy, Essay examples

Nothing Poetry and Persona Essay Example For Students

Nothing: Poetry and Persona Essay Although the box is Just small, it is being tied skillfully and very well. It is not stated in the first stanza where the package does came from but lately, it is being mentioned that its from the personas father. The package box came all the way across 10, 000 miles of ocean. While opening the box, the persona can feel the love of his/her father that binds them together. Breaking Through if examined could be the literal meaning of breaking through or the undoing of the strong thread of two or three strands that are being twisted together tied around the package box received by the persona from his/her father. The title its self could be the connotation of the applied effort of a certain persona in the poem in executing a little labor by untying the box. This effort of the persona in the poem is very present from line 1 to 7 of the first stanza. It says that, Haltingly I undo the knots around your parcel that came this morning. A small box should require little labor, but youve always been thorough, tying things tight and well. The twine lengthens, curls beside the box. The title Breaking Through is the metaphorical representation of the filial devotion of the persona to his/her father. The title could be the denotation of the persona in the poem of the lessons that he/she had learned from his/her father. It could also mean love as supported from the last two lines of the second stanza. The line say that my father, this undoing is what binds us. Although its not directly mentioned that love is the breaking through, it is showed indirectly through subliminal meaning of the phrase this undoing is what binds us. What makes the father and the persona bind? The clear and not vague answer is love, nothing more. The author also used symbols in the poem. The first symbol is the box. As an assertion, the box highly symbolizes the love of the father to the persona that is being away from him. It is distant because the author mentioned in the last lines of the first stanza. It says that the package box came across 10, 000 miles of ocean. The box also represents the longing of the father to his son/daughter that is away from him for a long time. Through the box, the father extends his warm filial love to his son/daughter. The knots around the parcel also represents that the fathers love is true and fair to the persona. The love that is true and fair can be supported by lines from 6-7 of Tanta 1 that says but youve always been thorough, tying things tight and well. The twine lengthens and lines from 11-12 of stanza 1 that says you hoped the package would hold its shape across 10, 000 miles of ocean. In those lines, the father of the persona tied the knots thoroughly to keep the package in its original shape from the fathers home until it reaches the personas hand. It only signifies that he wanted that his best regards and love would remain in tact after Journeying across 10, 000 miles across the ocean. The knots also symbolized of how patient the personas father, it finitely reflects the he tied the box. In the poem, there is a mention of belt in the 10th line of first stanza. It says, once your belt slapped sharply against my skin, it is being enclosed in the parenthesis for further emphasis. The belt that the author projects in line 10 only symbolizes that the personas father is a man of discipline. He slaps the persona sometime in his/her childhood to discipline him/her. Through the belt, it shaped the persona for he/she no. Through the fathers slapping, the persona learned things between bad and good, and right or wrong. .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f , .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .postImageUrl , .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f , .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f:hover , .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f:visited , .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f:active { border:0!important; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f:active , .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c40e2c5993a7216507a087aaa96ce8f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My annotations of Pablo Neruda's poems EssayThe belt also symbolizes display or the manifestation of power. It only shows that during childhood of the persona, he/she exists in the patriarchal world. Indeed, during the personas childhood, he/she exists in et patriarchal society for he/she experienced being beaten by the father. Not using the scissors in cutting could also mean a lot in the poem. As an assertion, the persona did not use the scissors to unravel the tight knots of the box because the persona wanted to savor the moment of unraveling with love. If the person uses the scissors, it will project that the persona is non-appreciative of the love of the father. Not using the scissors could also mean that the persona prolonged the excitement by opening it very lamely. It also means that the persona had learned the craft of patience from his/her father. The author had also left its readers the dramatic impact by not revealing what is inside the box. It poses questions of what is inside the box. Is it a food? Books? Dress? Bag or anything that is liquid? The reader cant figure out for its not revealed. A strong assertion is that, no matter whats inside the box, it surely resembles the love of the father to the persona of the poem. In a contemporary setting, if the author is mentioning about across 10, 000 miles of oceans, the first that comes into the mind of the reader is that, the persona is situated abroad or in states. If being assumed that the father is in Philippines, maybe the persona is in West Asia, America, Europe, Australia and others. The reader does not also know if the persona is working abroad, married, touring and etc. Because its not directly stated. What is very vivid in the context is that they are away from each other and they havent seen each other for a long period of time. The tone of the poem is about longing and sadness. In the first part of the poem, the persona undoes the box haltingly. Haltingly in other words could mean lamely. In this thought alone, an assertion came in that the persona is sad because it made him/her feel home sick as the box arrives. The tone of longing could also be sensed. As the persona is undoing the knots of the box, the persona reminisce his/her father-his teaching, disciplinary actions and love. Through the presence of the box, the persona can imagine his/her home that heightened his/her sadness and longing. Characterization of the father in the poem is also very effective.

Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans presented at the Constitutional Convention

The constitutional convention of 1787 was formed and tasked with the duty of proposing amendments to The Articles of Confederation besides coming up with a workable plan for the national government. The two contentious plans were presented by the state of Virginia and New Jersey. Structurally, the two plans were the same. Both were for the idea of three branches of Government, which were the legislature, judiciary, and the Executive.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans presented at the Constitutional Convention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In terms of congressional representation, the New Jersey plan proposed a unicameral house, which would allow all states equal representation while the Virginia plan vouched for a bicameral house that would have the House of Representatives elected by people and the senate that would be elected by state legislatur es (Foner 257). This representation is possible since congressional power differs per state. Each plan had benefits to the states that were vouching for them. The small states were vouching for equal power because of the fear that the large states would swallow them in the future due to their expansionist agenda. At the same time, they were simply securing resource allocation to themselves against the large states (Foner 257). The large states were securing the democratic rights of their people in terms of proportional representation, as well as decision making at the national level with proportionate allocation of resources. Both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were great diplomats (states’ rights) in the American society. Hamilton’s idea of the American governance system was based on the British model whereby he proposed a monarchy and parliamentary system. Hamilton was never for the idea of states as he thought they were not necessary. Rather, he supported m ercantilists and companies (Foner 258). He was also a champion of the new constitution. Jefferson was a strong proponent of the state. He supported agriculture as the backbone of the economy. He believed in the independence of the states as advocated in the previous constitution. Alexander Hamilton would favor the Virginia plan, as he was a federalist, because he was a strong proponent of a less fractured America with a more centralized government, which was powerful and to which all states would be subjected. He believed in the loose interpretation of the constitution. Thomas Jefferson would favor the New Jersey plan because he was anti-federal (Foner 259), as he believed in less power being vested in the central government. He believed in the ability of the individual states to retain power besides favoring agriculture over industries.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fi nished constitution protected slavery and the slave trade. At the same time, it allowed different states to enact legislation that would allow for the freedom of slaves, which paved way for the United States of America to pass legislation that either abolished the slave trade or permitted the freeing of slaves. The constitution encouraged industrialization, which substantially increased mechanization in the cotton industry thus leading to less and less work force being required. It also led to the passing of anti-slavery laws in the different states (Foner 258). The bill of rights, as found in the constitution, when interpreted later on, led to total abolishment of the slave trade and slavery in all American states. As a citizen of the new America of 1790, I would have favored Alexander Hamilton’s view of mercantilists that encouraged industrialization and global trade (Foner 259) because the whole world was opening up and would allow the American people to exploit the worldà ¢â‚¬â„¢s resources besides trading with other countries competitively. In terms of the constitutional plan, I would have borrowed from both plans, as they both had exceptionally strong valid areas that are beneficial for the American society. Works Cited Foner, Eric. Give me Liberty: An American History. New York: W.W Norton Company, 2012. Print. This critical writing on Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans presented at the Constitutional Convention was written and submitted by user Kade England to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Philosophy On Education

Personal Statement Today’s children need consistent support and guidance from well-cultivated thinking adults. What can be a more beneficial way to expand the thinking of young minds than to become a teacher? As educators we are given the opportunity to nurture these unique minds in an exceptional ways. The classroom environment has become more challenging, especially in under-performing schools. Increasing numbers of students are English language learners, have special education needs, or come from poverty, unstable families, or unsafe neighborhoods. Though teaching these students may present a greater challenge, the expectations of these students should still be high. Teachers still are accountable for the academic progress of all students. For teachers to be successful with high needs children they need to have wide cultural knowledge and community knowledge. These teachers also need a wider repertoire of teaching strategies for working in diverse and more complex schools and classrooms. Teachers must understand that there is no single way to view intelligence. Rather, there are several forms of intelligence. As educators, it is our job to recognize and appreciate the vast abilities and talents each student possesses. Teachers should have high expectations in different performance areas for their students, therefore, teachers must understand and apply the concepts and strategies of multiple intelligence in their classroom instruction as discussed by Howard Gardner and others are needed to productively function in our increasingly complex and technological society. Educators should develop and use standards based lesson-planning methods that support differentiated instruction and flexible grouping. Flexible grouping practices that call for collaboration by diverse groups of students, when combined with high expectations and high-quality instruction, have great potential for ensuring equity and excellence for all students. T... Free Essays on Philosophy On Education Free Essays on Philosophy On Education Personal Statement Today’s children need consistent support and guidance from well-cultivated thinking adults. What can be a more beneficial way to expand the thinking of young minds than to become a teacher? As educators we are given the opportunity to nurture these unique minds in an exceptional ways. The classroom environment has become more challenging, especially in under-performing schools. Increasing numbers of students are English language learners, have special education needs, or come from poverty, unstable families, or unsafe neighborhoods. Though teaching these students may present a greater challenge, the expectations of these students should still be high. Teachers still are accountable for the academic progress of all students. For teachers to be successful with high needs children they need to have wide cultural knowledge and community knowledge. These teachers also need a wider repertoire of teaching strategies for working in diverse and more complex schools and classrooms. Teachers must understand that there is no single way to view intelligence. Rather, there are several forms of intelligence. As educators, it is our job to recognize and appreciate the vast abilities and talents each student possesses. Teachers should have high expectations in different performance areas for their students, therefore, teachers must understand and apply the concepts and strategies of multiple intelligence in their classroom instruction as discussed by Howard Gardner and others are needed to productively function in our increasingly complex and technological society. Educators should develop and use standards based lesson-planning methods that support differentiated instruction and flexible grouping. Flexible grouping practices that call for collaboration by diverse groups of students, when combined with high expectations and high-quality instruction, have great potential for ensuring equity and excellence for all students. T...

Macro3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro3 - Essay Example The consumption of education is an example of a consumption of a good that provides a social benefit that exceeds the private benefit that the student receives. Society benefits from having a skilled labour force which lowers unemployment rates and increases domestic productivity. This benefit exceeds the private benefit a single individual receives from consuming education. As such, those that choose to not consume education may decide not to do so because they will enjoy the benefits of a skilled labour force. Government expenditures on goods and services are primarily done because the market system would not efficiently allocate resources to produce these goods or services. This could be because consumption of the good or service provides considerable social benefit which the market cannot quantify, or the good or service is non-excludible, meaning that once provided, no one can be excluded from consuming it. Thus inorder to assure optimum provision and consumption of the good, government would The corporation is treated as a separate entity for tax and legal purposes. As such there a number of benefits associated with incorporating a business. In Limited Liability companies, owners of the corporation are not liable for the corporation’s debts. In most countries, tax rates facing corporations are lower than those facing private individuals and there and corporations are able to qualify for more tax deductions than private individuals. A corporation can continue to exist beyond its current owners. However, forming a corporation is not a costless task and involves a number of legal requirements. In addition, most countries regulate corporations, forcing them to comply with a number of behavioural practices meant to protect employees, shareholders and consumers. Conforming to regulation is also

Business Plan Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Plan Master - Assignment Example The reason for having chosen Ireland is that in Ireland many hardware and software manufacturers are located and Ireland is considered somehow the European "Silicon Valley". Profits4U's primary targets are large hardware and software corporations such as HP, IBM & Microsoft. The next target will be the medium-sized companies in multimedia and software, areas that have great development potential. Profits4U's goal is to be positioned as a trustful sales & marketing company. Profits4U's competition is mostly the sale and marketing in - house departments. An indirect competitor could be some management consulting firms such as Arthur Andersen etc. but as mentioned these companies are indirect competitors since they are generalists and they do not implement niche marketing. In addition, due to their sheer size, in many cases their projects are executed by junior consultants and not by their senior personnel. Profits4U in terms of price will be positioned as a brand name company meaning that its prices will be quite high. The high prices can be justified due to Profits4U expertise in sales & marketing and more specifically in sales & marketing of software and hardware product. Mrs. Clara Bauer and the rest of the management team are former executives of high tech companies specialized in sales and marketing. The management is consisted of 3 partners aiming to reach 5 partners. AccoAccording to the company's estimations the profits will reach the $65,000 by the third year 3 with a net profit margin of 6%. Profits4U plans to ask for bank loan of $130,000 t and ask for an additional one of $50,000 in order to invest it in long-term assets by 2010. There is no anticipation of cash flow problems. 1.1 Mission To provide hardware and software manufacturers a first class solution to business development on a national and international level. The competitive advantage of Profits4U is its expertise, confidentiality, professionalism and contacts. Profits4U can be combined with the internal sales and marketing people and at the same time be a cheaper way to develop new markets. It can be a real alternative to internal resources and it offers senior practical experience, know-how, contacts, and confidentiality. The customers should know that working with Profits4U is an efficient, economical and more professional way to develop new business rather than working solely with internal staff. The focus will be business development in the European and Latin American markets. 1.2 Keys to Success 1. Excellence in sales and marketing. 2. Generate new sales leads. 3. Provide apart from sales expertise market research and project consulting. 1.3 Objectives 1. The sales turnover should be $550,000 in 2009 and $1 million in 2011. 2. The desired gross profit margin will be higher than 70%. 3. The desired net income will be more than 5% of sales by 2011. 2.0 Start-up Summary The initial expenses (among them legal costs, logo design, stationery and related expenses are included) are estimated to reach $18,350. The short term assets (office,furniture etc.) are estimated to reach $32,000 and have as start up cash the amount of $25,000 . The details are included in the following table. Start-up 3.0 Services 3.1 Competitive Comparison The competition comes in several forms: 1. In - house sales and marketing personel. The competitive advantage of Profits4U is that the managers of the internal departments do not

Paid News In India The Cases And Issues Media Essay

Paid News In India The Cases And Issues Media Essay This research aims to conduct a study on media ethics and responsibility in India as regards paid news. One of the main objectives of the research is to identify and critically discuss the cases of various forms of paid news specifically the practice paid news during elections. Therefore, in this part of the paper an attempt is made identify and critically discuss the cases of various forms of paid news specifically the practice paid news during elections. The major cases of paid news are discussed in the forms of the case of Maharashtra Assembly elections in 2009, the case of Commonwealth Games and the revelations of Radia tapes. THE CASES and ISSUES In the present day, having population of more than billion India props up just about 70 thousand registered newspapers and more than 450 television channels comprising a number of 247 news channels. By and large, the Indian media generally plays the part of constructive opposition in the Parliament with that of in different Legislative Assemblies of the State. Media persons and particularly newspapers journalists are distinguished and esteemed as the moral guide in the Indian society at large. Whilst the newspapers in Europe and America are trailing their circulation yearly, the Indian print media is even this day going stronger with vast circulation number and market avenues. More importantly in Indian democracy, the media carries on to be celebrated as the fourth vital pillar after judiciary, legislature and bureaucracy (Thakuria, 2010). However, unhappily a cancer in the form of paid news damaged the image and trustworthiness of media in the country, particularly in the recent yea rs. The practice that entails currency in getting dishonorably media space by the recipients continues to be a central issue in India all through the recent past. The caner of paid news is found to be damaging the honour and esteem of the media leading to peoples decreasing trust in reported news and the journalists. As per the Eldeman Trust Barometer Survey (2011, cited from Seetharam, 2011), whereas the trust in media as an establishment went up by 4 percent all through the world, the similar parameter for India fell from 58 percent to 50 percent. This downhill trend has had been persisting ever since the previous three-four years. This trend points toward the rising trust deficit of newspapers and television news channels in India. If this trend continues, the world of Indian media will not be glorified and trusted one. Despite this, every day we come to know about big scandals and fraudulent practices in the form of paid news s nexus between media persons and politicians, and further between media persons and corporate houses. The case of Radia tape is still in our memory and many such cases are concealed because of the involvement of media persons. When media people become corrupt, who will disclose the corruption and wrong doings of politicians and business houses? The unfortunate situation is that despite the condition of being grave the media as a whole is yet to recognise this catastrophe of confidence. Instead of taking the responsibility, the big national media houses and media persons are quiet pleased to blame the language media and other institutions and themselves take up a holier than thou position. The emerging crisis is evidently hurting the wellbeing of Indian democracy , where media as fourth pillar of democracy is expected to play more responsible role. If the fraudulent practice of paid news continues, the trust deficit of newspapers and television news channels in India will fast go up, and it would be nothing to surprise if within two-three years Eldeman Trust Barometer Survey will come out with the result of media trust in Indian going down from 50 percent to 25 percent and even lesser than that. Off course very recently, particularly after the Radia tape case, various leading media persons and media houses have demonstrated their concern as regards the ill practice of paid news, but the predicament is that Indian media is badly under the grip of paid news culture and in order to root out the menace of paid news, there is need strike the prevailing culture of paid news in the mainstream media. Paid news are those news or articles in print or electronic media, which point toward favourable situation for the organization or establishment that has paid for it. In the case of paid news, the news comes much in the form of an advertisement, although devoid of the advertisement tag. This sort of news has been regarded as a stern misconduct in view of the fact that it misleads the populace, not allowing them recognize that the news actually is purposed to advertisement. On the other hand, in such cases of paid news the payment modes generally defies tax laws and election expenditure laws. More badly, it raises electoral issue for the reason that the media has a straight control on voters (Banerjee and Gigani, 2011). The Press Council of India issued guiding principle pertinent to both government authorities and the media during the 15th General Elections to the Lok Sabha hat took place in April-May 2009. Ensuring free and fair coverage by the media was the purpose why Press Council of India issued guiding principle. However, subsequent to the elections, an alarming trend was surfaced by the selected divisions of the media, where journalists from various media houses were found getting currency by candidates in election fray for favourable coverage or planting paid news (Press Council of India, 2010). This paid news was surfaced at three levels. At the first level, the reader of the newspaper or the viewer of the television programs is misled into considering that what is fundamentally an advertisement is in point of fact, in parallel presented news reports. At the second level, the practice of paid news was surfaced by not authoritatively saying publicly the expenses incurred on placing paid new s items. In that case the candidate in election fray defies the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, which are purposed to be put into effect by the Election Commission of India underneath the Representation of the People Act, 1951. At the third level , paid news taking place through not accounting for the riches received from candidates, the related media houses or their people as journalists , as they are violating the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 with that of the Income Tax Act, 1961, in doing so(Press Council of India, 2010). A part of Indian media extensively reported the occurrences of paid during the period 15th General Election and in the subsequent times. Further articles about paid news practices in Indian media too drew the attention of foreign media and foreign newspapers , particularly Wall Street Journal , the Guardian and the Independent pointed towards the alarming situation arising out due to paid news in India media (Thakurta and Reddy, 2010). The fact is that the occurrence of paid news has acquired sober extent in the world of Indian media. Nowadays, it goes away from the dishonesty of the particular media person and media house and has turned out to be invasive, structured and very much planned, and in this progression it is challenging the Indian democratic value. Paid news is now limited not only to cash payment but various forms of favours and malpractices. Let us discuss some cases in this regard. As regards a notable and serious case of paid news, the case of Maharashtra Assembly elections in 2009 is worth mentioning. During the elections of Maharashtra Assembly, Ashok Chavan as candidate made beneficial use of the print media in the forms of regional and national papers through giving advertisements. The paid news stories and editorials in the form of advertisements were published with and with no bylines in newspapers (Lund   and Thomas, 2012). The issue was  exposed by  a reputed national English daily Hindu that campaign advertisements in support of Mr. Chavan (who was contesting from Bhokar in the 2009 Assembly poll), were issued in Marathi newspapers, masking them as news items. The news was reported by Rural Affairs editor, P. Sainath of Hindu revealing much as regards the coverage that took place pre polls in Maharashtra. There was a wide-ranging coverage of Mr Chavan who as Chief Minister by the local media that comprised the largest circulated Lokmat too. Shoc kingly Chavan claimed that he had submitted the expenditure of those advertising to the District Election Officer , but the fact was that Mr. Chavan had not mentioned the money spent on such advertisements in his election expenses accounts and therefore was violation of Election Commission rules (Balaji, 2012). This was the second level of paid news as defined by Election Commission. Perhaps it was the first major reported case of paid news during elections. Case was filed against Mr. Chavan in the court by the candidates and it is currently in Supreme Court. Certainly this case was a wake up call for both Election Commission and Indian media, and as a result now during every election there are watchful eyes on paid news practices by Election Commission and some sections of media that operate ethically and responsibly. However, paid news is not full of life all through elections per se. Paid news has as well taken the shape of hush-hush contract where the media firms enters into a a greement with the organizations or corporate houses and money is are exchanged for advertising deals. A number of such cases have been found recently in Indian media. The case of paid news in Commonwealth Games is too worth mentioning. What notable is that the expression paid news does not essentially signify the news is paid for in the form of money or cash and this was made apparent during the Commonwealth Games that was organsed in New Delhi in 2010. It was certainly shocking how no newspaper or media person wrote about downbeat facets of the Games organization and the other linked facet till the last hours. However, in a report on a web portal titled Suresh Kalmadi met with officials of top media companies and urged them to support the games, revealed everything of what we talk about paid news. No wonder therefore simultaneously the English daily with the biggest circulation in India arrived with a pitch for getting hold of the status of the official newspaper og the Game and for the same it would offer particular attribute such Commonwealth Games quiz, seminars, marathon and even a Coffee table book. The pitch as well very bigheartedly added that We do not solicit any financial assistance from Commonwealth Ga mes for the above activities apart from regular advertising support for encouragement The most shocking component of the pitch was it assured that a few of its editorials, which are believed to be the non partial critical view of the editor, would exclusively focal point on the Games in a convincing non- advertising set-up. The newspaper as well mentioned the editorial content chart for landmark days such as Republic (Banerjee and Gigani, 2011). Definitely this was the case of paid and the question arises as whether endeavouring to get a collaborator position is ethical or unethical, moreover the question here rather is whether the line up amid news and advertisement is vague. Here if an advertisement attribute is offered as news the Right to Information is breached. In such case, the readers or viewers are deprived of a right picture and is made to suppose whatever is presented to them. This case is nothing but selling of editorials by the newspaper and undeniably a serious and fit case of paid news offense. The cases of paid news has badly hit the world of Indian media in recent years, and in this context one of most notable revealing has had been the paid news issue linked to Radia Tapes. This has been the most notably talked about issues in the Indian media as far as paid news is concerned, where the nexus is found between corporate houses, government authorities, corporate lobbyists and eminent journalists. The Radia tape has more drawn the attention towards the fact as how eminent senior journalists make use of their influence to strive and weaken the functioning of the government of India, than how media houses are taking money to publish or broadcast news. However, taking money to publish or broadcast news is worse, for the reason that it is all invasive from the smallest newspaper to the major news channel. We can understand that there are few sections in the media who have the sort of influence that is required to influence government, in the mode in which it was exposed in the Radia Tapes. But definitely the case is an eye-opening. Notably here the Radia tapes storm relates to the taped and released telephonic tà ªte-à  -tà ªte amid Niira Radia, a corporate lobbyist and a segment of politicians, corporate house owners bureaucrats and journalists that were taped by the Department of Income Tax for the period of 2008-09. The tape of telephonic tà ªte-à  -tà ªte reveals the lobbyist Radia stating that media is  greedy. The newspapers which had covered Radia tapes notably lost the advertisement from the corporate house of Tata. The report of this case draws our attention towards the negation in depending on advertising for revenue and simultaneously attempting to take action to the amplified professional rivalry which necessitates quality news reporting (Reddy, 2011).  Instead of coming with quality news reporting, newspapers and news channels taking the corrupt route of paid news. As per a latest study (Singh, 2012) approximately 10 percent of news in the newspapers is paid news , however the fact is that there is across-the-board corruption and fraudulent practices in Indian media. Yes not all news is paid news, but page 3 of newspapers in most cases is paid news and all the social activities that are found in newspapers are reported after receiving payment in cash and other forms. Even in the business section of the newspapers is too there is practice of paid news and a definite percentage of news is business section is paid news. Worth to mention here, corporate controlling in the media has had grown recently for the reason that of the cash, the editors post had been demoted. Corporate currency is required to run the national media and if demoted the clout of an editor the more will demote the editorial sections of the newspapers. Next comes the role of the central and state governments controlling news newspapers for their favour. These suggest that India media is today diseased to cancer of corruption in the form of paid news where both corporate houses and governments are contributing to demote the position of media from worse to worst. In such critical situation if Indian media fails to respond ethically and responsible, there will be serious challenge to its position democracys fourth pillar. As George (2012) aptly argues that the unethical character of paid news is so deceitful that one would think no newspaper or news channel organization would carry out such things, although the fact is that such thoughts are planned and started on by the nations main and esteemed newspapers and media houses . The control of a media house that is money-making is such as the sway of  chickungunia as spreading hasty. The plan of paid news has spread fast enough to be converted into one of the shames of contemporary time.  The media houses are crossing the boundary and it is ethically shoddier. What shocking is that even Rupert Murdoch did no t have the courage to bring in ideas that have turned into dishonorable in the world of Indian media that is paid news and the dishonest practice of hush-hush contracts. The section of media carrying out such fraudulent practices is nothing but cheating with the democracy and abusing the trust of citizens. This is worst of what we can expect from Indian media. The high time has arrived not only for media to behave more ethically and responsibly, but to make regulations to control paid news practices. SUMMARY The practice that entails currency in getting dishonorably media space by the recipients continues to be a central issue in India all through the recent past. The caner of paid news is found to be damaging the honour and esteem of the media leading to peoples decreasing trust in reported news and the journalists. The unfortunate situation is that despite the condition of being grave the media as a whole is yet to recognise this catastrophe of confidence. Instead of taking the responsibility, the big national media houses and media persons are quiet pleased to blame the language media and other institutions and themselves take up a holier than thou position. As regards a notable and serious case of paid news, the case of Maharashtra Assembly elections in 2009 is worth mentioning. During the elections of Maharashtra Assembly in 2009, the them Chief Minister Mr. Ashok Chavan as candidate made beneficial use of the print media in the forms of regional and national papers through giving a dvertisements. However, expression paid news does not essentially signify the news is paid for in the form of money or cash and this was made apparent during the Commonwealth Games. The Radia tape has more drawn the attention towards the fact as how eminent senior journalists make use of their influence to strive and weaken the functioning of the government of India, than how media houses are taking money to publish or broadcast news. However, taking money to publish or broadcast news is worse. Just about 10 percent of news in the newspapers is paid news; however the fact is that there is across-the-board corruption and fraudulent practices in Indian media. The unethical character of paid news is so deceitful that one would think no newspaper or news channel organization would carry out such things, although the fact is that such thoughts are planned and started on by the nations main and esteemed newspapers and media houses. The section of media carrying out such fraudulent practic es is nothing but cheating with the democracy and abusing the trust of citizens. Therefore, there requires urgent control on this both internally and externally.

Business Communication

During the exam you are not allowed to open your references. B. Please answer the following questions in the form of essay which consists of introductory paragraph, detail and example, and concluding paragraph). 1.Effective communication strengthens the connection between a company and all its stakeholders, those groups affected in some way by the company’s actions: customers, employers, stakeholders, suppliers, neighbors, the community, and the nation. Conversely, when communication breakdown, the results can be anything from time wasting to the tragic event. How can a lack of shared experience between sender and receiver result in communication failures? 2. The way you conduct yourself and interact with others can have a profound influence on your company’s success and your career.Because of your excellent communication skills, for example, your boss always asks you to write his reports for him but when the CEO complimenting him on his logical organization and clear w riting style, your boss responds as if he’d written all those reports himself. What kind of ethical choice does your boss’s response represent? What can you do in this situation? Explain your solution and your reasoning. 3. Every month, each employee in your department is expected to give oral presentation on the status of your group project.One member of the group, however, has a severe speech impediment that prevents people from understanding most of what he has to say. As the department manager, how will you resolve this dilemma? Is it possible for you to use non-verbal communication? Please explain. 4. CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management, a category of software that helps companies manage their interactions with customers. What are the factors to be considered when choosing visual media like CRM for your business communication? PS: Maximum score is 25 for each question including paragraph structure, sentence tructure, coherence, spelling, and choice of word. ——————–oOo————— Communication is a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium. The receiver then will decodes the information before he/she gives feedback to the sender. Of course, some interference can appear in any forms and disturb the process of communication itself. When a process of communication doesn’t run properly, it is called communication breakdown and it is very common.In any communication model, interference of a communication model is called noise. There are many examples of noise, such as: environmental noise, physiological-impairment noise, semantic noise, syntactical noise, organizational noise, cultural noise, and psychological noise. The lack of shared experience of communication between the sender and the receiver could be classified as semantic, syntactical, organizational, or cultural noise. Semantic noise means the sender and the receiver have different interpretations of the meanings of certain words.For example, the word â€Å"weed† could be interpreted as undesired plants on your yard or as marijuana. Syntactical noise is a form of noise where certain grammatical mistakes appear and disrupt communication. This kind of noise usually appears when the language that is used in the communication process is not the mother language of one or more parties of the process. Poorly structured communication can prevent the receiver from accurate interpretations. When this happens, it is called organizational noise.For example, when a manager teaching his/her subordinates how to use a new tool for their works, but he/she is not telling them in a well structured form of communication, it can make the subordinates more confused about the new tool. The last one is cultural noise. This happens when the receiver and the sender came from different cultural background. Fo r instance, wishing a Moslem â€Å"Merry Christmas† could be offending for him/her. The process of communication does not always run well. Some interference can appear and disrupt the process.Therefore, we should learn the effective way of communication so that we can avoid the interference and conduct an effective way of communication. In business or in working environment, there are some rules that should be obeyed so we won’t hurt someone else’s feelings or take the rights of others. This set of rules is called business ethics. However, to determine whether an act is ethical or not is, sometimes, not easy. From the example given in the question, I don’t have any trouble to say that it is unethical. My boss claimed my works as his/hers and that simply violated my intelligence rights.There are some options can be taken to deal with this case, but I have my own way to deal with this. If I were in that position, I would just complain to him/her right away. Tell him/her that I didn’t like what he/she was doing but in a most nice and most polite ways. I don’t think he/she would fire me because he/she needed me. I was good at making reports and if he/she fired me, it wouldn’t be that easy to find someone else with the same skill. In working environment, we should always ensure that our acts are ethical. Even when someone else does unethical acts toward us, we should solve the problem with the most ethical way.By ensuring that every act that we conduct is ethical, it will not only make a good working environment but also shows us who we really are. In the process of communication, some interference can appear and disrupt the process. This interference is called noise. There are many kind of noise, such as: environmental noise, physiological-impairment noise, semantic noise, syntactical noise, organizational noise, cultural noise, and psychological noise. From the example given in the question, it is classified as phy siological-impairment noise.It means he/she has physical maladies that prevent effective communication. In this case: speech impediment. If I were the manager, I would try to help him with his/her speech problem. However, if it were impossible to help him/her with the problem, I would give him/her the work that required less speaking or the more technical part. I would leave him the part that deals with counting, graphs, etc. Customer relationship management (CRM) is a widely-implemented strategy for managing a company’s interactions with customers, clients and sales prospects.It involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes, principally sales activities, but also those for marketing, customer service, and technical support. One of the factors that should be considered when using CRM is the tools could be complicated. The tools itself are usually limited. So, when using CRM as the company’s strategy, we should ensure that we have t he right processes, the right people, and the right strategy Business Communication Therefore, the company should develop consistency and extensive plan in order to commit their operational, strategic, financial and transactional problems. According to the Matthew Walker, in this situation, the first step should be communication proactively to limit surprises and build the credibility and trust. It does not mean that company should disclose every financial part; however the trust is the critical. The healthy business requires the healthy community. Also, there should contribution in creating and maintenance.Certainly, the public wants to know about companies, organizations. Lewis (2010) states that, corporate social responsibility becomes the â€Å"buzzword† from the boardroom to the living room by growing media coverage dealing with such issues as corporate governance and environmental responsibility. Professionally, this rise In awareness of the term CARS has created a new fashion in business management (Jackson, 2001). Many academics, corporate stakeholder s and Government are calling on large and small corporations to adopt CARS orientated approaches to business.It helps to communicate with stakeholders effectively. Inefficient or poor communication often demonstrates incomplete planning, unrealistic deadlines and budgets. Every company needs to communicate often and effectively in order to know about the processes of future plans, mission and vision. According to the study, which was conducted by IT managers of French computer manufacturers, 57 % of project failures were because of the poor communication. The main reason is that inability to clearly state their expectations to the stakeholders.Moreover, the good communication is not one-size fits all technique. Firstly, every company should pay attention to the diplomatic transparency and sensitivity to their pacific work styles. For instance, some people need regular data and constant updates while others need high level directives and knowing just specific details. Also, it is ver y important knowing and having the correct tools and skills to reach the main goal of the company. There is no doubt that, miscommunication can creates hard feeling which might remain undetected for a long time.Every employee should prepare a formal communication strategy in order to define the exact expectations from stakeholders. Also, it is extremely necessary to write about the ideas, issues, insights and information. In addition, there should be shown the statistics and should be presented to the stakeholders. It helps to prove the works which were done already. Also, one of the best ways to avoiding the conflicts with stakeholders is writing the memos. This can be as simple as stating needs of company in a few sentences or as complex as writing out your list of objectives.It is useful to define the core objectives with measurable parameters of the company. Furthermore, each of your various project stakeholders their own agenda and goals. The company's executive team should sub mit the particular information and a different communication style in the day-to-day details of delivery. Usually, stakeholders want to see more of the summarized review. In order to balance the various needs of communication, there should be the connection between risk and risk mitigation actions. It is very important for external stakeholders.If a risk can be mitigated by adjustments with the control of the company then it probably doesn't need to bubble up to team. Also, the communication about the risk with the stakeholders can be tricky, because this group, usually, is unfamiliar with the details Of the company. In order to succeed, company should fully explain the concepts without using the company's jargon's in the message. Also, it helps to show the benefits to gain acceptance. The company should meet with the stakeholder to discuss the plan together and maintain positive relationships.Nowadays, the several marketing techniques can be used to facilitate this process, which h elps to promote this in effective way. The majority of companies use the type of the messaging with stakeholders. According to the Schultz(2006), companies prefer using the minimal release kind of communication with stakeholders. This finding shows that suggestion by the web-based content is the most effective way of reaching the goal. With the respect to CARS the centre management bell ivied that the various messages where they can communicate across various means generated the benefits to the company, organization.Moreover, the clear structured message to the stakeholder whether it will be transmitted via print or shown on company's website will become effective to settle down the goals. The details should be written in the message carefully. Also, it can be provided in different formats. Sometimes, there will be necessary to translate the documents in order to understand, because many types of specific words in the technology changed. Therefore, effective communication may requir e the translating of technical and financial jargon.Also, in writing the message to stakeholders it is very important to explain the technical issues in terms that non-experts can understand. In addition, politicians and the public can make their decisions. One of terms of company can be provided by the using the glossary of company. In conclusion, certainly the poor message with the lack of information in the intent has the negative impact on the company. Communication is the complicated process of sharing and exchanging information, knowledge, feeling and experience.It is important to write the report to stakeholders with the specific details and expectations in order to obtain the company's good reputation. The communication principles, which relates to the management of company are important to define clear organizational structured communication. It will demonstrate the high-performing organizations, where all employees respect communication principles. Also, it can show the hi gh degree of trust between team members. The effective business communication consists of the accurate communication in particular message, where the stakeholder can understand this correctly.One of the important things of the communication with the stakeholder is not confusing and misinforming with the information. Therefore, the corporate policy should be strictly checked. All of us know that the aim of corporate communication is to managing perceptions through the positive corporate brand, transparent relationship with all stakeholders. That's why the nature of corporate communication is one of the necessary facts of the successful impasses, because it helps to consider and notice the intersection between the level and perception of the every company. Business Communication Therefore, the company should develop consistency and extensive plan in order to commit their operational, strategic, financial and transactional problems. According to the Matthew Walker, in this situation, the first step should be communication proactively to limit surprises and build the credibility and trust. It does not mean that company should disclose every financial part; however the trust is the critical. The healthy business requires the healthy community. Also, there should contribution in creating and maintenance.Certainly, the public wants to know about companies, organizations. Lewis (2010) states that, corporate social responsibility becomes the â€Å"buzzword† from the boardroom to the living room by growing media coverage dealing with such issues as corporate governance and environmental responsibility. Professionally, this rise In awareness of the term CARS has created a new fashion in business management (Jackson, 2001). Many academics, corporate stakeholder s and Government are calling on large and small corporations to adopt CARS orientated approaches to business.It helps to communicate with stakeholders effectively. Inefficient or poor communication often demonstrates incomplete planning, unrealistic deadlines and budgets. Every company needs to communicate often and effectively in order to know about the processes of future plans, mission and vision. According to the study, which was conducted by IT managers of French computer manufacturers, 57 % of project failures were because of the poor communication. The main reason is that inability to clearly state their expectations to the stakeholders.Moreover, the good communication is not one-size fits all technique. Firstly, every company should pay attention to the diplomatic transparency and sensitivity to their pacific work styles. For instance, some people need regular data and constant updates while others need high level directives and knowing just specific details. Also, it is ver y important knowing and having the correct tools and skills to reach the main goal of the company. There is no doubt that, miscommunication can creates hard feeling which might remain undetected for a long time.Every employee should prepare a formal communication strategy in order to define the exact expectations from stakeholders. Also, it is extremely necessary to write about the ideas, issues, insights and information. In addition, there should be shown the statistics and should be presented to the stakeholders. It helps to prove the works which were done already. Also, one of the best ways to avoiding the conflicts with stakeholders is writing the memos. This can be as simple as stating needs of company in a few sentences or as complex as writing out your list of objectives.It is useful to define the core objectives with measurable parameters of the company. Furthermore, each of your various project stakeholders their own agenda and goals. The company's executive team should sub mit the particular information and a different communication style in the day-to-day details of delivery. Usually, stakeholders want to see more of the summarized review. In order to balance the various needs of communication, there should be the connection between risk and risk mitigation actions. It is very important for external stakeholders.If a risk can be mitigated by adjustments with the control of the company then it probably doesn't need to bubble up to team. Also, the communication about the risk with the stakeholders can be tricky, because this group, usually, is unfamiliar with the details Of the company. In order to succeed, company should fully explain the concepts without using the company's jargon's in the message. Also, it helps to show the benefits to gain acceptance. The company should meet with the stakeholder to discuss the plan together and maintain positive relationships.Nowadays, the several marketing techniques can be used to facilitate this process, which h elps to promote this in effective way. The majority of companies use the type of the messaging with stakeholders. According to the Schultz(2006), companies prefer using the minimal release kind of communication with stakeholders. This finding shows that suggestion by the web-based content is the most effective way of reaching the goal. With the respect to CARS the centre management bell ivied that the various messages where they can communicate across various means generated the benefits to the company, organization.Moreover, the clear structured message to the stakeholder whether it will be transmitted via print or shown on company's website will become effective to settle down the goals. The details should be written in the message carefully. Also, it can be provided in different formats. Sometimes, there will be necessary to translate the documents in order to understand, because many types of specific words in the technology changed. Therefore, effective communication may requir e the translating of technical and financial jargon.Also, in writing the message to stakeholders it is very important to explain the technical issues in terms that non-experts can understand. In addition, politicians and the public can make their decisions. One of terms of company can be provided by the using the glossary of company. In conclusion, certainly the poor message with the lack of information in the intent has the negative impact on the company. Communication is the complicated process of sharing and exchanging information, knowledge, feeling and experience.It is important to write the report to stakeholders with the specific details and expectations in order to obtain the company's good reputation. The communication principles, which relates to the management of company are important to define clear organizational structured communication. It will demonstrate the high-performing organizations, where all employees respect communication principles. Also, it can show the hi gh degree of trust between team members. The effective business communication consists of the accurate communication in particular message, where the stakeholder can understand this correctly.One of the important things of the communication with the stakeholder is not confusing and misinforming with the information. Therefore, the corporate policy should be strictly checked. All of us know that the aim of corporate communication is to managing perceptions through the positive corporate brand, transparent relationship with all stakeholders. That's why the nature of corporate communication is one of the necessary facts of the successful impasses, because it helps to consider and notice the intersection between the level and perception of the every company. Business Communication Assignment # 05 Business Communication Topic: short / informal reports categories and formats of reports IN RESPECT OF: Sir Hamid Nawaz Sb. SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD JAVED IQBAL AISH MBA 1st Semester Section (A) DEPARTMENT OF ADMINSTRATIVE SCIENCES QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD What is report? An orderly and objective communication of factual information that serves a business purpose. What is short report? The short report consists of a title page and the report text normally. Like most of the less formal report forms, the short report may be organized in either the direct order or indirect order. But the direct order is more common. This plan begins with a quick summary of report including the conclusions and recommendations. Because many organization heavily depend upon the short reports. There are many varieties written for the different purposes. Some companies have their particular report forms. There are many types of short reports but we will define three of them only, as follows: 1. Routine operational reports: The majority of the reports written within the companies are routine reports that informs to the supervisors, top managers and other employees of the organization about the company’s all activities. These reports can be for daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly. It depends upon the work nature that if sufficient task like all the policy making rules have to define then it will be in more concise form that every one can understand easily. For the various purposes we can use this form of report. For example the production data, the data of loyal customers etc. The formation of this type of repot varies from company to company and managers to manager. The content / format of this report: ? The name comes from the fact that what is inside the report and it must be written with in 15 minutes. That’s why we define its name first of all so that this name clearly defined the required information efficiently and on time. Most of the organizations define some standard for the short operation report because managers don’t have sufficient time to write on the daily or monthly basis by defining its whole format. So they define a standard that these contents must include in the report so that reader can understand easily. ? The findings of a particular sample must be given in a chronological order so that readers can understand quickly. And must use the appropriate headings if required any. ? In the end of routine report just put the summary, which may include or not according to the data required. 2. Progress reports: This report review progress on an activity. This report focuses on the progress toward a specific goal. If someone is working on a project under the supervision of a boss then he or she must have to write a progress report for that project to his or her immediate boss or manager to show the progress of that project that work is on the track. Progress report can be formal or informal depending on the work nature. But most are informal and narrative. And one important factor which must use in this report that is subject i. e. â€Å"I† or â€Å"we†. If we are using the word â€Å"I† in the progress report that â€Å"I have done all this† then it shows really negative behavior and â€Å"we† shows the best motivation tool in the progress report. The format / content of this report: ? Describe the purpose and nature of the project first. ? Present a summary of work already completed. Describe work currently in the progress including personnel, methods. ? Forecast future activities related to the project. ? In the end include recommendations and request. 3. Recommendation reports: A recommendation report is a detailed report submitted to readers who are usually in a high management position, like as, supervisors, top managers, head of departments, buyers of company, and elected officials, to a ccept or reject the writer’s plan or choose from among their recommendations. Purpose of the recommendation report: The main purpose and theme of this report is to present a carefully created, well-supported proposal for application of the research which we have conducted. The report will define ways to apply findings to the problem which we have investigated. If the report is accepted then it t can lead to improve functioning conditions, a more competent and cost-effective business or supplementary jobs. Format of the recommendation report: Her we use report format, not memo or letter format. And important thing, here is, that we have make sure of using headings and number the pages of the report. The length will vary based on the number of headings, the size and number of visuals, and other design features. Contents of recommendation report: ? Introduction of report: The opening of this report should be interesting so that it actually represents what it follows. ? Methods of report: We have to explain all the gathered data so that its primary purpose was to understand the background of the problem, not to get solutions. ? Summary of the secondary research: Here we have to consider what has been done before to address that problem, and to recommend solutions. ? Analysis of Survey Findings: This section is important due to its survey factor because here we define the findings obtained from the primary and secondary research. ? Feedback: We conclude from the gathered data and implement to solve the problem. ? Recommendations: Recommendation shows that how readers can transform their particular action into actions. ? Closing: Goodwill tone is much important and must be closed in form of solving the problem. Short reports format: Short report formats are the design of the report that defines which contents of the reports are included and which contents are described more or not. Simply the format of a report shows the outline of a whole report either of short or long. There are different formats of the short reports which are as follows, but here we have to define three of them only: †¢ Letter format †¢ Memo format †¢ Report format †¢ Prepared forms 1. Letter Format: The reports in the forms of letter are known as the letter format reports. These formats are normally used when writers have to send information to outsiders in informal form. Means these reports are used to present information to person outside the organization. For writing a report in a letter format these instructions can be followed: †¢ We write the name and organization information in the upper left corner of the page with date. Under these three things you have to write the name of the recipient and his title and company address. †¢ After writing salutation we present the information about the important contents of the report. †¢ Then give reason why we are writing a report. Here we need more information to clarify our readers about the report. †¢ In the end provide the conclusion and recommendation. †¢ Friendly closing is also necessary. So use those words which create the goodwill. †¢ And write name below the four lines after closing with signatures. 2. Memo Format: These formats are normally used when writers have to send information within the organization. Means these reports are used to present information to person inside the organization. A memo is used to persuade people to take some action or to give feedback on a specific matter. Word â€Å"Memo† is also called as â€Å"memorandum†. Memo can be formal and informal as well. Memo is written in a very simple tone that easy to understand. Memo must be short and specific. In memo the following things are important to note: †¢ Try to identify the audience to whom we are writing. †¢ Write the name of sender and receiver in a memo. †¢ Purpose of writing a memo must be given with the subject. †¢ Give suggestions for the help of readers. †¢ Present the recommendation with some arguments. †¢ Closing with creation of goodwill. 3. Short report format: Short reports formats are used to give some particular information and also have different reasons and purposes of writing in terms of managers and employees. So the contents of the short reports are: Write the title of the report very first †¢ Mention the name of that person to whom we are writing †¢ Mention the name who is writing †¢ Mention the date also †¢ Short reports include terms of references which show basically the main contents of the reports. †¢ Define the methodology of the report †¢ Conclusion shows the overview of the whole report. †¢ And in the end we present the recommendations to take actions if necessary. References: www. google. com www. osun. org www. scribd. com www. wikihow. org ——————————————————— Business Communication Business Communication Md. Tarikul Islam Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Topics Today q Topics Today u Course Outline  §  §  §  § Course introduction Topics included in the course Evaluation method What to expect and how to be prepared u Start of the course, if time allows  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ The Course q Welcome!! u To the Course-Business Communication o? Course code: EMBA 501 o? To the students of EMBA Program o? This is a three credit course where one learns about  § Basics of communication  § Tools in communication o? For class schedule contact EMBA Coordination office  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ The Course: Studying Communication means u Studying communication has three parts o? Theory o? Applying theories in real life o? Feedback on application mentioned above u Therefore we shall o? First study the theory o? Then would know how to use the theories in real life o? Finally we shall check the applications for effectiveness and efficiency  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ The Course: Scope q Scope o? This course is about learning fundamentals of communications and then communicating effectively and efficiently with the available tools in communications  § Therefore the course starts with the learning about communications followed by the lear ning and applications of communication tools available in place  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ The Course: Book q Recommended Book o? We shall follow the book Business Communication by Lesikar  § Buy the latest edition o? Any other materials will be provided in due time  § Please remember that it would be more beneficial to go through more than one book  § Almost all the communication books are more or less on same issues  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ The Course: Contents No Topics 01 Basics of communication 02 Introduction to communication, types of 03 Verbal Communication 04 Culture and communication 05 Non verbal communication 06 Technology and communication 07 General letters and job related letters 08 Curriculum vitae 09 Memorandum 10 Long formal business report 11 Research proposal communication, mediums of communication Contents are subject to change http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/  © Islam, M. T. The Course: Evaluation q Evaluation u There are two evaluations o? One by students and o? One by the course teacher u Evaluation by course teacher o? Final exam for 40 marks o? Continuous Assessment (CA) for 60 marks including class presence  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: Final Exam (40 marks) q Final Exam u A comprehensive exam at the end of the semester o? Having 40 marks of value  § You should be prepared for the conceptual question in most cases  § Direct question would be the minimum or rare case u Questions in the final exam mainly will check o? Your overall understandings of the course o? Whether you are able to interpret the theories or not o? Whether you can create something new or not  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: CA (60 marks) q Continuous Assessment u Combination of o? Class works, homework, assignments, presentations, case study, viva etc. o? Exams  § Both quiz and class tests  § Either announced or unannounced  § Don’t miss as there won’t be any customization u Weights o? There won’t be any weights to any evaluation criteria. All will be converted into sixty. Final exam marks would be added to CA marks to decide on your grade in the course o? Remember there is no best of  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: CA Details u CA Details o? Assignment: You would need to prove  § You can write letter properly  § You are familiar with different aspects of reports  § You know about memorandum o? Presentations  § You would be required to prove that you are familiar with the different aspects of presentations and you can apply them in real life  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: CA Details u CA Details o? Report writing as the final part  § Build up groups according to directions  § Write a long formal business report  § Almost at the end of semester your group will present  § Others will evaluate you including question and answer sessions  § Participation by all is mandatory and beneficial!!!  § Make sure you are NOT a sleeping member!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: Sleeping Member u Sleeping Member o? Never and ever be a sleeping member o? You will be traced out and your grade will be severely damaged o? How?  § On any of the works like assignments, presentations etc. you will be evaluated individually even though you work in the group  § In time of evaluation if you fail to prove yourself, it would not matter how good you have been working in the group, you will not score maximum!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: Group Formation Directions q Group formation directions u Form a group o? Of five members each o? Group number will be decided by me o? Each group would have a group leader and one female member at least! o? Submit the list within the next class! o? Once the list is given, it would be treated as final one. Anyone not included in the list will form a single member group and will be evaluated for 80% marks i. e. (60*40%)*80% For what o? Can be for assignment, presentation, viva, case study, article reading, term paper etc. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/  © Islam, M. T. Evaluation: Group Works q Group Works u You work in group but will be evaluated individually; therefore you have the chance to prove yourself to advance your grade! u However, what would be seen whe n you work in group is†¦ o? You accumulate all the possibilities at maximum o? You have a mentionable group chemistry o? Don t try to be a leader by yourself o? Rather try to be a spontaneous leader! o? By the way what is group work and why to work in group?  © Islam, M. T. ttp://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: Report Theme u What to write about? o? Theme of the report  § You want to introduce a new venture in your area. Before you take the final decision you like to check the different aspects of the proposed venture. Write a formal report about those different aspects following the formalities in report writing. o? You can include whatever you want based on your imagination or the real life facts o? You will be graded based on your communication capability and your compliance with the report writing formalities!  § We shall discuss different formalities of report throughout the course Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: Some Point s to Mind! q Some Points to Mind o? In group works you will be graded individually, but your group chemistry contributes to your earnings o? Never be a sleeping member o? In case of presentation  § Quality of the presenter  § Quality of the presentation  § Quality of the presentation content  § Quality of the group works†¦. ALL WILL BE CONSIDERED o? There is a probability that all group works will be followed by either viva or presentation; be ready for that! o? Each group will present one topic of the course; will be detailed later on! Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation Summary†¦. q To mind for evaluation o? There would be no best of o? All would be converted in to 60 o? There is special treatment for class presence o? Honesty is extremely expected and dishonesty will be severely penalized  § In case of dishonesty you will be informed and your answer script will not be evaluated! o? You MUST prove yourself or your group; make me feel that you deserve the marks  § I would expect higher level maturity, integrity, creativity, and professionalism in all of your works!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Class Presence+/Participation u Not class presence but class participation  § I might assign some marks for the participation and presence in class depending on the situation  § Maximum five marks would be given for this purpose  § Be in class in time if you don’t want to miss the class  § Late coming is strongly discouraged  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Evaluation: Grading Scale q Grading Scale o? Grading  § Unless otherwise specified the grading policy is according to the UGC rules  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Teaching Method: Overall Approach q Overall Approach Approach o? Always we-we with win-win solution rater than I-we approach u Evaluation o? I never believe in the memorizing and vomiting in the exam o? You have a head up your shoulder; you have to use that o? I want something original for you; at the end of the course that would be the sole benefit for you and me o? Most importantly I want an honest and disciplined manner  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Teaching Method: Contact q Contact u In the class o? You can stop me at any time in the class o? Please keep asking as long as you are not fully satisfied with a topic u Outside class ? Mail me at [email  protected] com o? I strongly suggest this one as I am pretty regular in mail; please don t expect answer of your problem over cell or instantly u Course related communication o? At http://sites. google. com/site/kjcourses/  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ The Course: Brief Summary q Brief Summary o? The course  § EMBA 501: Business Communication  § Three credit hour course o? Evaluation  § Continuous assessment of 60 marks  § Final exam of 40 marks o? Recommended book  § Business Communication by Lesikar, latest edition preffered o? Course Related communication  § At http://sites. google. com/site/kjcourses/  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Use your head! q Start thinking u What is very important is o? Use your head o? Don t bother about the head of Mr. Lesikar o? Use your head from the point where Lesikar stopped  § To become innovative  § To become successful  § To have or to secure an open mind  § Most specifically to earn good grade in the exam!!  § I never believe in memorizing and vomiting in the exam!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Any Question? u Coming up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. o? Course contents o? Basics of communication  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Course  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ The Course: Contents No Topics 01 Basics of communication 02 Introduction to communication, types of 03 Verbal Communication 04 Culture and communication 05 Non verbal communication 06 Technology and communication 07 General letters and job related letters 08 Curriculum vitae 09 Memorandum 10 Long formal business report 11 Research proposal communication, mediums of communication Contents are subject to change http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/  © Islam, M. T. Course Contents u Basics of communication  §  §  § Defining communication Types of communication Why to read communication at all? Actors in communication u Verbal communication  § Informal oral communication  § Formal oral communication  § Technology in the oral communication  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Course Contents u Cross cultural communication o? Difference in culture à ‚ § What is culture?  § What are the various dimensions of culture?  § How culture can influence the communication? u Non verbal communication  § Types  § Creativity in communication  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Course Contents u Letters and memorandum  §  §  §  § Introduction to memorandum How to write memorandum Introduction to letters How to write formal letter  »? Job related letters u Long Formal Business Report  § Report writing  § Different aspects of report writing  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Course Contents u Curriculum Vitae  § CV and Resume  § Writing CV and resume u Research Proposal  § Various elements of research proposal  § How to write a research proposal  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Course Contents: Presentation u Presentation  § One/two group presentation(s) would be followed by after the completion of each topic.  § After the formation of group we shall fix who presents what  § What you do is†¦  »? You prepare slides  »? You simply summarize the topic  »? Others question you  »? But you don t present or copy my slides!!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Something missing? u Yes, its WRITING o? This is one of the most important aspects of communication o? Because of the greater importance of the topic we shall not study this as one single topic o? Rather we shall talk about writing throughout the whole course under various topics o? Try to grab any materials on writing from any source for the betterment of you!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Any Question? u Coming up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. o? Basics of communication  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Basics of  © Islam, M. T. Communication http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Basics of communication q Contents of the topic o? What is communication? o? Different aspects of communication  § Actors/components in the process  § Mediums  § Methods  § Constraints etc. o? Why communication to read formally? o? Communication in the business place o? Summarizing the topic!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ No me-you, always we-we!! Speak up! Try to communicate in the class! Your participation will be counted!!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ What is communication? What does communication mean to you? Any idea?  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ De? ning communication u Communication defined o? Communication is the process of sharing our ideas, thoughts, and feelings with other people and having those ideas, thoughts and feelings understood by the people we are communicating with u Components in communication process o? Message sender o? Message receiver o? Message itself o? Medium o? Method o? Noise etc.  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Key features in communication u Communication is successful when the message is received as the same one that has been sent  § Therefore understanding is the key element u It s a both way process which is continuous  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Methods of communication q Methods in communication o? Verbal o? Written o? Electronic o? Audio o? Visual o? Meetings o? Notice board o? Text!!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Mediums of communication q Mediums in communication o? Letters o? Memo o? Reports o? Fax o? Telephone o? Email o? o? o? o? o? Notice board Internet Video/video conferencing Body language Face to face  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Which medium to use? q Available mediums o? Letters o? Memo o? Reports o? Fax o? Telephone o? Email o? Notice board o? Internet o? V i d e o / v i d e o conferencing o? Body language o? Face to face q Choice of medium is affected by u Need for record u Direction of the information flow u Number of people to be reached u Confidentiality u Nature of the informationlength, complexity, emergency need u Cost of the medium etc.  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Why communication fails? u Did any of your communication failed? u How did that happen to you? Was that just miscommunication or lack of understanding?  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Constraints to successful communication q Internal o? Fatigue o? Poor listening skills o? Poor communication skills o? Attitude toward the sender or information o? Mistrust o? Fear o? Past experience o? Halo effect o? Perception  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Constraints to successful communication q External o? Noise o? Distractions o? Technical problems (email, internet, phone service) o? Time o? Environment  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Why to read communication? u Information is power and basis for almost all success stories o? But†¦..  § Information gathering and processing matters; demand learning of communication  § Communication skills helps one to  »? Gather and process information properly and in time  »? Solve problem easily through improved decision making  »? Work in a team effectively and efficiently  § Information must be communicated in a proper way; so  »? Communication capability works  »? Communication in professional life requires something different than the usual communication practice  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Why to read communication? q Careers in communication o? In Bangladesh still a narrow one and not recognized yet! o? But in developed part of the globe quite recognized! o? Because of specialization practice a good prospect is waiting ahead!!  § Examples include customer service, tourism, government administration, advertising, media, and event management etc.  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication in business q Business Communication ? Transferring information from one part of the business to another that leads to some outcome, changed behaviour or changed practice  § It can be formal or informal, upward or downward  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication in business Finance Dept Change in payment systems E-mail Sender or Instigator Channel Medium Feedback Rece iver  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Types of communication u Communication can be of different types considering the situation. Some of them are here  § Formal and informal  § Upward and downward  § Internal and external u However we are basically concerned of the overall classification of communications  § Verbal: presentation, audio, voice message, face to face etc.  § Non verbal: written, letter, memorandum, report, email, fax etc.  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Barriers to successful communication in business q Barriers to Successful Communication o? Ability of the sender – how much the sender understands of the message they are trying to send o? Content – including technicalities and jargon o? Method of communication – including style and body language where appropriate! o? Skills and attitude of the receiver o? Organisational factors – complexity of the organisation, scope of the organisation o? Cultural attitudes o? Perceptions, prejudices and stereotypes o? Inappropriate target for the message o? Technical capabilities – ICT!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication @  © Islam, M. T. Workplace http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Workplace Communication u By workplace communication we actually mean business communication o? Business communication  § Transferring information from one part of the business to another that leads to some outcome, changed behaviour or changed practice  § It can be formal or informal, upward or downward  § Scope of the business communication includes all the business activities corporations involve themselves  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication in the workplace u Importance of communication  § Business needs it extensively because of expanding need of coordination, effectiveness, and efficiency  § Specialization has made the field of communication a recognized one!  § But unfortunately most people don t communicate well!!! u Coordination, effectiveness, and efficiency  § Think about Unilever  § Information flows in the company Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Major forms of business communication q Two major types of communication in workplace u Operational o? According to operational plan, to attain some goals or to handle some situations to convert them in favor! o? Again two types are here  § Internal operational communication  »? Communication among the people i nside an organization  »? To perform the main business activities  »? These are kind of routine business activities like instructions from the teammates  »? Computer and intranet are two major technology being used!  § External operational communication ? Communication with the people that are outside of the organization  »? It helps company to develop a better image  »? Communication with suppliers, public relations activities etc.  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Major forms of business communication u Personal o? Not according to operational plan, simple one to one or one to many communication in an organization  § Examples can be personal communication, gossiping, joking, story telling, communication sitting at the company dining room etc. o? Can be an outstanding source of innovation!  § Innovation  »? What and why?  »? What are the alternatives in case you can’t innovate? o? Will you allow this kind of communication while it costs you?  § Does it cost? How? How much?  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication networks in organizations u Formal network  § A simplified form of information flow network transmits information in all directions (upward, downward, and lateral)  § These flow is defined formally u Informal network  § A quite complex information flow network mainly based on personal communication  § This is affected by individual s involvement and membership in various groups and entities  © Islam, M. T. ttp://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Upward/downward/lateral communication u Upward communication  § Communication that originate from the bottom of the organization and heading to top of the organization u Downward communication  § Communication heading to the bottom of the organization after being originated at the top u Lateral communica tion  § This is the communication in between people in the same level or group  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ A situation to react ! q Some organizations are quite central in decision making. All the decisions are coming from the top of the organization o? Does that mean that in those organizations there are not upward communication? o? If there are any kind of upward communication in those organizations, would there be any difference in decision making? o? Are there any difference at all in between communication and decision making?  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ How much to communicate? q Does all the sender send full message? u Unfortunately NO o? What do you do when you communicate?  § You communicate fully? Why or why not? o? What does the companies do in Bangladesh? Give some examples! o? How much a company should disclose?  § Can a company disclose all at a certain time? o? Remember the negative effects of incomplete message is sometime dangerous  § Also mark the gap between ‘company can’t disclose’ and ‘company does not disclose’  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication process u Sender sends the message  § Sender prepares the message and decides on the methods and mediums  § He/she sends the message u Message in the sensory world  § Once the message is sent, its in the world of lots of other messages along with noises  § Messages waits to be detected  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication process u Message is detected o? Receiver detects the message o? Based on the ability to decode receiver decodes the message o? How much of the original message will be detected depends on lots of factors including  § Noise  § Past experiences  § Knowledge  § Perceptions, prejudices, stereotyping o? The message may not get the original shape!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Communication process u Giving meaning to the message  § Receiver gives meaning to the received message  § Once again it depends how he/she will give meaning to the message! u Reply is sent  § Receiver replies to the sender  § This is called feedback which makes the whole process continuous  § But not necessarily reply is always sent!  »? How would you feel in that case?  »? Why feedback is so important? o? The process continues  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Oral vs Written communication q Oral vs Written  § Written communication is likely to include more creative efforts  § Written communication is normally lengthier than the oral communication  § Written communication usually involves a limited number of cycles  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Some facts of communication Meanings sent are not always received  § No two minds have identical filters  § But closer the meaning more success are gained  § What can you do to bring the more synergy? u Meaning is in the mind  § Meaning comes up from mind rather than words or symbols used  § What to do? u The symbols of communication are imperfect  § Symb ols don’t have unique meanings  § Meaning of symbols varies to receiver; nodding  § Across culture symbols have different meanings  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ q Thank You! q Any Question?!  © Islam, M. T. http://sites. google. com/site/kjatbd/ Business Communication The company started the operations for the year 2008-09 on a very positive note and later registered negative growth in the last quarters of the year. The company suffered major losses in the year and approached the bank for additional term loan of three crores and fifty lakhs. The trial production of the new perfume is successfully completed and commercial production will commence as early as possible this year Mr. Riktesh Khanna ,the Quality manager will not be able to review the performance of the product trails before the launch of the product . According to marketing head of south india the unanimity of the current forecasts is not an incontrovertible evidence of impending business acceleration . The survey stating the ambiguous nature of the market is another reason, which calls for another look at the new product launch and appears that the product has to be postponed indefinitely. The company conducted a review meeting for the workers who are on strike for the last three months , the HR manager decided that the management should take a sympathetic and linient action on the workers and those who did not attend the meeting will be dealt seriously according to IAC 37,inorder to maintain the sanctity of office and uphold the hoary traditions . Theapprehensions faced by the workers during the strike period are that they are not able to set realistic goalsand arrive at rational and reasonable decisions in terms of wages and benefits offered by the company. This is because workers have minimal exposure to outside world and more external influences. while the other reasons are frustration and stress to the workers and their family, incorrect self appraisal ,negative feedback by the representatives of trade union. HR manager should appoint counsellors to orient them to companys’ policies and ethos and should allocate sufficient funds for this purpose. The project report on the new project was due yesterday. Since the completion of the report is very important for our organisation to achieve the strategic plan by launching the product successfully. Submit the report before 5 pm tomorrow. Business Communication The company started the operations for the year 2008-09 on a very positive note and later registered negative growth in the last quarters of the year. The company suffered major losses in the year and approached the bank for additional term loan of three crores and fifty lakhs. The trial production of the new perfume is successfully completed and commercial production will commence as early as possible this year Mr. Riktesh Khanna ,the Quality manager will not be able to review the performance of the product trails before the launch of the product . According to marketing head of south india the unanimity of the current forecasts is not an incontrovertible evidence of impending business acceleration . The survey stating the ambiguous nature of the market is another reason, which calls for another look at the new product launch and appears that the product has to be postponed indefinitely. The company conducted a review meeting for the workers who are on strike for the last three months , the HR manager decided that the management should take a sympathetic and linient action on the workers and those who did not attend the meeting will be dealt seriously according to IAC 37,inorder to maintain the sanctity of office and uphold the hoary traditions . Theapprehensions faced by the workers during the strike period are that they are not able to set realistic goalsand arrive at rational and reasonable decisions in terms of wages and benefits offered by the company. This is because workers have minimal exposure to outside world and more external influences. while the other reasons are frustration and stress to the workers and their family, incorrect self appraisal ,negative feedback by the representatives of trade union. HR manager should appoint counsellors to orient them to companys’ policies and ethos and should allocate sufficient funds for this purpose. The project report on the new project was due yesterday. Since the completion of the report is very important for our organisation to achieve the strategic plan by launching the product successfully. Submit the report before 5 pm tomorrow.